The Khanate of Khiva is a historical term referring to a Central Asian state that existed from the 16th to the early 20th century. The term "khanate" denotes a political entity ruled by a Khan, who is the sovereign and often the hereditary leader of a Turkic or Mongol tribe.
The Khanate of Khiva specifically refers to the realm situated in present-day Uzbekistan, centered around the city of Khiva. It was one of the three major khanates within the region collectively known as Khwarazm, along with Bukhara and Kokand. The Khanate of Khiva was established in the early 16th century by Shaybani Khan, who led the Uzbek tribes in conquering the area.
With its capital in Khiva, the Khanate became a significant power in Central Asia, controlling vast territories and playing a crucial role in regional trade and politics. However, the Khanate of Khiva was also notorious for its involvement in the slave trade, particularly in capturing and selling Persian and Turkic peoples.
Throughout its existence, the Khanate of Khiva faced various external threats and interventions from neighboring empires such as Russia and Persia. After several unsuccessful attempts, it was eventually annexed by the Russian Empire in 1873, marking the end of its independence.
Today, the historical significance and cultural heritage of the Khanate of Khiva can still be observed in the architectural landmarks of the city, which have been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
