The word "keratohyalin" is spelled with the IPA phonetic transcription /kerəˈtoʊhaɪlɪn/. The first syllable "ker" is pronounced with a short "e" sound followed by the "er" sound. The next syllable "a" is pronounced with a long "a" sound, followed by "toh" with a "t" and "oh" sound. The fourth syllable "hyal" is pronounced with a "h" and "y" sound before "al" with a schwa sound. Lastly, the fifth syllable "in" is pronounced with a short "i" and "n" sound.
Keratohyalin refers to a protein-rich substance found in the superficial layers of the epidermis, responsible for the process of keratinization or the formation of the tough, protective keratin layer in the skin. It is an important component of the epidermal cells and essential for the development and maintenance of the skin's structure and barrier function.
Keratohyalin is mainly found in specialized cells called granular cells or granular keratinocytes located in the stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis. These cells contain structures known as keratohyalin granules, where the protein substance is synthesized and stored before being released into the cytoplasm of the cells.
The protein-rich keratohyalin substance is involved in the transformation of the granular keratinocytes into the tough, flattened cells known as corneocytes. During the process of keratinization, the keratohyalin substance undergoes modifications, contributing to the formation of the densely packed keratin filaments within the corneocytes. This eventually leads to the formation of a protective barrier on the skin's surface, preventing water loss and protecting against external factors.
The presence of keratohyalin also plays a role in the regulation of pH balance, hydration, and the defense mechanisms of the skin. It is an essential component for maintaining the integrity and function of the skin, contributing to its overall health and protection.
The word "keratohyalin" is derived from two Greek roots: "kerato", meaning horn, and "hyalos", meaning glass or crystal. "Keratohyalin" is a compound word, combining these two roots to describe a protein-rich granular substance found in the cells of the stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis.