The word "kalingan" is spelled with six letters, starting with the letter K followed by A, L, I, N, and G. In IPA phonetic transcription, it would be written as /kɑːlɪŋɡən/. The first syllable starts with a voiceless velar stop (/k/) followed by a long low back vowel (/ɑː/). The second syllable has a short low front vowel (/ɪ/) followed by a voiced alveolar lateral approximant (/l/). The final syllable has a velar nasal (/ŋ/) followed by a voiced velar plosive (/ɡ/), and a neutral vowel schwa (/ən/).
The etymology of the word "kalingan" is derived from the Sanskrit word "kalinga", which refers to the ancient Indian kingdom of Kalinga. Kalinga was located in present-day Odisha and Andhra Pradesh in India. Over time, the word "kalingan" came to be used in the Tagalog language, spoken in the Philippines, to refer to the people who originate from Kalinga.