The spelling of "Kaffir orange" has recently been the subject of controversy due to the racial connotations of the word "Kaffir". In terms of pronunciation, the first word is pronounced /ˈkæfɪr/ while the second word is pronounced /ˈɒrɪndʒ/, with stress on the second syllable. The word "Kaffir" is derived from an Arabic word meaning "unbeliever" and has been used as a derogatory term for black Africans in some parts of South Africa. It is recommended to use the term "naranja" or "sour orange" instead.
The term "Kaffir orange" refers to a fruit-bearing tree native to the Eastern Cape region of South Africa known as Clausena anisata, commonly referred to as the "Kaffir lime" or "Wild Lime." This evergreen shrub belongs to the Rutaceae family and is characterized by its aromatic leaves and small, round fruits resembling oranges.
The Kaffir orange tree is usually small to moderate in size, reaching heights of up to 5 meters. Its leaves are glossy, dark green in color, and have a distinctive double leaflet shape, with the second leaflet being much smaller than the first. The aromatic nature of the leaves makes them popular for culinary use, particularly in Southeast Asian cuisine, where they are often used to add a unique citrusy flavor to dishes.
The fruits of the Kaffir orange tree, although named "orange," are small and green in color, similar to limes. They have a tart taste and are not typically consumed raw but are often used in various culinary applications, such as flavoring sauces, soups, and curries. Additionally, the peel of the Kaffir orange is highly fragrant and can be used to make essential oils or as a flavoring agent in beverages and desserts.
In some regions, the term "Kaffir orange" may be considered offensive due to its historical usage as a derogatory term, and therefore the more inclusive term "Wild Lime" is now preferred.
The word "Kaffir orange" is derived from two sources: "Kaffir" and "orange".
1. Kaffir: The term "Kaffir" is an offensive and derogatory racial slur historically used by Europeans, primarily South Africans, to refer to black people of Bantu ethnic groups in southern Africa. It is important to note that the term "Kaffir" is highly offensive, and its use in modern times is entirely inappropriate and condemned. However, it has been historically used to describe various plants, fruits, and animals of South African origin, including the Kaffir orange.
2. Orange: The term "orange" comes from the Old French word "pomme d'orange", meaning "apple of China". The word "orange" was originally used to describe the bitter fruit of the orange tree, as the sweet orange variety became prevalent much later.