JRA, also known as "Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis," is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects children and teenagers. It is characterized by persistent joint inflammation, which causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. JRA typically begins before the age of 16 and can continue into adulthood, although some individuals experience remission as they grow older.
The exact cause of JRA is unknown, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues within the joints, leading to the characteristic symptoms. JRA is categorized into three main subtypes, including oligoarticular JRA, polyarticular JRA, and systemic JRA, each with varying degrees of joint involvement.
Diagnosis of JRA involves a comprehensive evaluation of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests such as blood tests and imaging studies like X-rays or ultrasounds. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, preventing joint damage, and improving overall quality of life. This may include a combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), physical therapy, regular exercise, and in severe cases, biologic medications.
Living with JRA can be challenging for affected individuals and their families due to the chronic nature of the disease and its potential impact on daily activities and overall well-being. However, with proper medical management, ongoing support, and lifestyle adjustments, many individuals with JRA are able to lead fulfilling lives and maintain good joint function.
