JEWISH THEOLOGY Meaning and
Definition
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Jewish theology refers to the systematic study and understanding of the religious beliefs, concepts, principles, and practices within Judaism, the ancient and modern monotheistic religion and culture of the Jewish people. It encompasses the intellectual exploration of Jewish religious thought, the interpretation of sacred texts, and the philosophical and theological reflections within the Jewish tradition.
At its core, Jewish theology seeks to articulate the relationship between God and humanity, the nature of God, and the Jewish understanding of the purpose and meaning of existence. Central to Jewish theology is the concept of monotheism, the belief in one God who is the creator and sustainer of the universe, as well as the personal and moral guidance for humankind.
Jewish theologians draw upon the rich tapestry of Jewish scriptures, including the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the Oral Torah (Talmud), as well as commentaries and interpretations from rabbinic traditions. They engage in critical analysis, investigating theological ideas through scholarship, reason, and revelation, while also exploring diverse perspectives from different Jewish religious streams and historical contexts.
Key themes within Jewish theology include covenantal relationships, ethics, prayer, ritual, eschatology, Jewish messianism, divine providence, free will, theodicy, and the ongoing pursuit of justice and righteousness in society. The development and evolution of Jewish theology have been influenced by the experiences, challenges, and interpretations of Jewish practitioners throughout history, resulting in a dynamic and multifaceted tradition that continues to evolve in contemporary times.
Etymology of JEWISH THEOLOGY
The word "Jewish theology" is a combination of the term "Jewish" and "theology".
The term "Jewish" refers to the people, culture, or religion associated with Judaism, the ancient monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by the Jewish people. It comes from the Hebrew word "Yehudim" (יְהוּדִים), which means "Judah", referring to the descendants of the Israelite tribe of Judah.
The word "theology" originates from the Greek word "theologia", which combines "theos" (God) and "logos" (word or discourse). Theology generally refers to the study or systematic understanding of religious doctrines, beliefs, practices, and traditions.
When combined, "Jewish theology" refers to the systematic study and understanding of the religious beliefs, doctrines, laws, and practices specific to Judaism.
