JEWISH MESSIANISM Meaning and
Definition
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Jewish messianism refers to a belief and theological concept within Judaism that centers around the anticipation and longing for the arrival of the Messiah, a chosen individual who is expected to bring salvation, redemption, and ultimate peace to the Jewish people and the world. This Messianic figure is believed to be an anointed king, a descendant of King David, who will restore the Jewish nation, rebuild the Third Temple in Jerusalem, and gather all Jews to the Promised Land.
Jewish messianism is rooted in various biblical texts, particularly in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), as well as in religious and non-religious Jewish writings, such as the Talmud, Midrash, and mystical, eschatological texts like the Zohar. These sources provide descriptions, prophecies, and expectations of the coming Messiah.
Throughout history, Jewish messianism has evolved and taken different forms within different Jewish communities, often reflecting the historical and social context in which they exist. Some interpretations of messianism emphasize a political and nationalistic redemption, envisioning a leader who will liberate the Jewish people from their enemies and establish a Jewish sovereign state. Others emphasize a more spiritual and ethical redemption, focusing on the role of the Messiah in promoting justice, righteousness, and the observance of Jewish law.
Jewish messianism has had a profound influence on Jewish thought, culture, and religious practices. It continues to be a significant aspect of Jewish theology and holds a central place in the eschatological hopes and aspirations of many Jews worldwide.
Etymology of JEWISH MESSIANISM
The word "Jewish messianism" is a compound term combining "Jewish" and "messianism". Here is the etymology for each component:
- Jewish: The adjective "Jewish" originates from the Old English word "ġiūdīsc" which was derived from the Late Latin word "Iudaeus" and the Greek word "Ioudaios". These terms ultimately trace back to the Hebrew word "Yehudi" meaning "Jew" or "of Judah", referring to the ancient Israelite tribe of Judah.
- Messianism: The term "messianism" is derived from the noun "messiah", which entered English through the Latin "Messias" and the Greek "Messias" (from the Hebrew "Māšîaḥ").
