Jet fuels refer to the specialized fuel used in jet engines, typically derived from petroleum products. The correct spelling of this phrase is /dʒɛt fjuəlz/. The phonetic transcription reveals the pronunciation of each sound in the word. The initial sound /dʒ/ is a voiced palato-alveolar affricate, followed by the long vowel sound /ɛ/ and a voiced labiodental fricative /v/. The second word begins with a labial-velar approximant /w/, followed by the diphthong /ju/ and a voiceless alveolar fricative /s/.
Jet fuel is a specific type of high-energy fuel used for powering aircraft, primarily jet-engine-powered aircraft. It is a specialized type of aviation fuel that is designed to meet the specific requirements of jet engines, which have different performance and operational characteristics compared to other types of engines. Jet fuels are commonly used in commercial airliners, military aircraft, and some small private jets.
Jet fuels are typically derived from crude oil through a refining process known as distillation. This refining process involves separating crude oil into various components based on their boiling points. Jet fuel is obtained by refining the middle distillate fraction of crude oil, which consists of hydrocarbon molecules with between 8 and 16 carbon atoms.
The composition of jet fuel is carefully formulated to ensure optimal performance and safety for aircraft. It needs to have a high energy density to provide enough power for jet engines, yet must also have a low freezing point and high flash point to withstand extreme temperatures and prevent ignition during normal operation. Jet fuels also need to have low viscosity and good lubricity properties to ensure smooth flow and reduce wear on engine components.
There are different grades of jet fuels, such as Jet A, Jet A-1, and Jet B, which have varying specifications and performance characteristics. The choice of jet fuel depends on factors like aircraft type, operating conditions, and regional regulations.
The word "jet fuel" originates from the combination of two terms, "jet" and "fuel".
The term "jet" is derived from the French word "jeter", meaning "to throw" or "to shoot". It began to be used in English in the late 17th century to describe a stream or spout of water or other liquid forcefully ejected. Over time, the term evolved and started to be used in the context of aviation to refer to a jet engine, which propels an aircraft forward by shooting out a high-speed stream of exhaust gases.
The word "fuel" has its roots in Old English "fǣlan", which means "to nourish" or "to support". It was used to describe any substance that is burned to produce heat or power. The term gradually expanded to include substances used for powering vehicles, including airplanes.