Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) refers to a group or genus of viruses within the family Flaviviridae, which is primarily transmitted by the Culex mosquito species. JEV is the primary cause of Japanese encephalitis (JE), a severe disease affecting the brain in humans. It is commonly found in parts of Asia, mainly in rural and agricultural areas, where the virus circulates in a cycle involving mosquitoes and amplifying vertebrate hosts, such as pigs and wading birds.
JEV is an enveloped RNA virus with a single-stranded positive sense genome. It belongs to the Flavivirus genus, which is comprised of various viral species causing diseases like dengue fever, West Nile fever, and yellow fever. JEV is characterized by its capacity to cause neuroinvasive disease in humans, leading to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). In some cases, Japanese encephalitis can lead to severe neurological complications, permanent brain damage, or even death.
Prevention of Japanese encephalitis involves vaccination, implementation of mosquito control measures, such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and using bed nets, especially during peak transmission periods. Vaccination is recommended for individuals residing in or traveling to areas with active JEV transmission, particularly rural or agricultural regions. In regions where Japanese encephalitis is endemic, vaccination campaigns often target children, as they are at a higher risk of severe disease.
It is important to note that Japanese encephalitis is not transmitted from person to person. The primary mode of transmission is through the bite of an infected mosquito, particularly species of the Culex genus.
