The term "janissary" refers to a member of an elite military and administrative corps within the Ottoman Empire, spanning from the 14th to the 19th century. Also known as Yeniçeri, which translates to "new soldier" in Turkish, janissaries were initially recruited from young Christian boys who were taken captive, converted to Islam, and then trained to become loyal servants of the Ottoman sultan.
Janissaries were known for their unwavering loyalty and exceptional combat skills, which made them an essential force in the empire's military campaigns. They were highly trained in various weapons, such as firearms, archery, and swords, and developed expertise in siege warfare. Their main roles included guarding the sultan, serving as imperial bodyguards, and participating in battles. They were renowned for their distinctive attire, consisting of a feathered hat, long robes, and a sash.
In addition to their military duties, janissaries played a crucial role in the empire's administration, taking up various bureaucratic positions. They served as tax collectors, governors, and administrators of key provinces, accumulating wealth and political power over time. This contributed to tensions and challenges to the central authority, with janissaries often involved in rebellions and power struggles within the empire.
The janissary institution began to decline in effectiveness and loyalty by the late 17th century, as corruption and internal factions weakened their unity and combat readiness. It was officially abolished in 1826 by Sultan Mahmud II, who sought to reform the Ottoman military and administration.
