Jake leg, also known as jake paralysis or jake walk, refers to a form of paralytic illness caused by drinking contaminated Jamaican ginger extract during the Prohibition era. The word "jake" is believed to derive from the Spanish word "jengibre" meaning ginger. The pronunciation of "jake" is represented by the IPA phonetic transcription as /dʒeɪk/. Leg, on the other hand, is pronounced as /lɛɡ/. Thus, the full pronunciation of "jake leg" would be /dʒeɪk lɛɡ/.
Jake leg refers to a medical condition predominantly seen during the Prohibition era in the United States that affected individuals who consumed illicitly manufactured or contaminated alcohol. The term "jake leg" originates from the slang term "jake," commonly used to describe Jamaican ginger, and "leg" referring to the leg paralysis that was one of the prominent symptoms of this condition.
The condition, known medically as toxic amblyopia or toxic neuropathy, is caused by the ingestion of adulterated alcohol containing tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), a chemical compound used to increase the alcoholic potency of the beverage. The adulterated alcohol was typically consumed by bootleggers and individuals looking to bypass the restrictions imposed by the Prohibition laws.
Jake leg manifests as a spectrum of symptoms, including leg weakness, muscle pain, sensory disturbances, and paralysis. The condition is characterized by damage to the peripheral nerves, particularly those controlling the legs, resulting in a loss of sensation and motor function. Other symptoms may include foot drop, difficulty walking, leg cramps, and atrophy of the leg muscles.
Treatment for jake leg primarily involves removing the source of the toxic alcohol and managing the symptoms. In some cases, physical therapy and the administration of vitamin B6 supplements may be recommended to aid in nerve recovery. Most individuals with jake leg recover partially or completely over time, although some may experience permanent disability or residual symptoms.
While jake leg is now rare due to regulatory measures and the end of Prohibition, the term continues to serve as a historical reminder of the dangers associated with the consumption of illicitly produced alcoholic beverages.
The term "jake leg" originated in the United States in the early 20th century, specifically during the Prohibition era. It refers to a medical condition called "jake leg paralysis" that was caused by the consumption of a toxic substance known as "Jake" or "Jamaica Ginger".
During Prohibition (1920-1933), the production and sale of alcoholic beverages were illegal in the United States. However, many people still consumed alcohol through the use of various substitutes, such as medicinal "tonics" or "bitters". One particularly popular substitute was known as "Jake" or "Jamaica Ginger".
This substance was actually an industrial solvent containing the chemical compound tricresyl phosphate (TCP), which gives it a ginger-like flavor. As alcohol substitutes were often not regulated or inspected by authorities, manufacturers added harmful chemicals to these products to circumvent laws and cut costs.