The correct spelling of the phrase "jail bird" is with a space between "jail" and "bird". It is pronounced as /dʒeɪl bɜːd/ in IPA phonetic transcription, with the stress on the first syllable of "jail". The word "jail" refers to a prison, while "bird" is a colloquial term for a person. Together, "jail bird" is an informal term that refers to someone who is or has been in prison.
The word "jailbird" is believed to have originated in the United States in the early 19th century. It is a compound word consisting of "jail" and "bird".
The term "jail" comes from Old French "jaiole" or Middle English "jaile", both meaning "a cage". This ultimately derives from the Latin word "gabiola", meaning "cage" or "hut".
The use of the term "bird" in this context is likely metaphorical, associating incarcerated individuals with birds in a cage. This metaphor may stem from the idea of limiting freedom, confinement, and isolation, as birds are known for their ability to fly and their natural inclination for freedom.
Over time, "jailbird" became a colloquial term used to describe a person who has served time in prison or has been frequently incarcerated.