Jactatio Capitis Nocturna (also known as JCN) is a rare sleep disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of the head during sleep. The condition typically affects children between the ages of three and seven, although it can also occur in adults.
During episodes of JCN, the individual may exhibit various repetitive movements, such as nodding, shaking, or jerking of the head. These movements are often forceful and rapid, leading to disruption of sleep patterns. The duration and intensity of the movements can vary from person to person, and episodes may last anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes.
The exact cause of Jactatio Capitis Nocturna is still unknown, but factors such as stress, anxiety, and sleep deprivation have been associated with its occurrence. Additionally, it has been linked to certain neurological conditions such as epilepsy and restless leg syndrome.
Diagnosis of JCN is typically based on a detailed medical history, physical examination, and observation of the characteristic head movements during sleep. Treatment options for JCN are limited, and most cases are managed through reassurance and education of the affected individual and their caregivers. If the condition significantly impairs quality of life or causes injury, medications such as benzodiazepines may be prescribed to help reduce symptoms and improve sleep. In many cases, however, Jactatio Capitis Nocturna tends to resolve on its own as the affected individual grows older.
