The "Isles of Langerhans" refer to small clusters of specialized cells found within the pancreas, which play a crucial role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels in the body. These islets are named after the German physician Paul Langerhans, who first discovered them in 1869.
The islets of Langerhans are scattered irregularly throughout the pancreas, making up only about 1-2% of its total mass. Each islet is comprised of several types of endocrine cells, including alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and gamma cells. These cells are involved in the production and secretion of different hormones that help regulate glucose metabolism.
Beta cells within the islets of Langerhans are responsible for producing and releasing insulin, a hormone crucial for maintaining proper blood sugar levels. Insulin helps the body's cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream, promoting its storage or usage for energy. Alpha cells, on the other hand, produce glucagon, a hormone that stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels drop too low.
The islets of Langerhans also contain delta cells, which release somatostatin, a hormone that inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon, thereby regulating their secretion. Additionally, the gamma cells produce pancreatic polypeptide, which influences digestion and nutrient absorption.
Overall, the islets of Langerhans are vital for the regulation of glucose metabolism and maintaining proper blood sugar levels, playing a pivotal role in preventing conditions like diabetes.
