IRQ stands for Interrupt Request, which is a term commonly used in computer systems to describe a signal sent by an external device to a central processing unit (CPU) requesting immediate attention or action. An IRQ allows devices to interrupt the normal execution of the processor and is utilized to address time-sensitive events and ensure prompt processing of critical tasks.
In computer architecture, IRQs are assigned numerical values, ranging from 0 to 15, and each represents a different type of interrupt request. These interrupts can come from various hardware devices such as keyboard, mouse, network card, sound card, and any other peripheral device connected to the computer.
When an external device requests an interrupt, the CPU typically halts its current operations and jumps to a specific interrupt handler routine assigned to that IRQ number. The interrupt handler then processes the request and performs the necessary actions directed by the device.
IRQs play a vital role in managing system resources and ensuring efficient communication between hardware devices and the CPU. They enable real-time responsiveness, as the CPU can quickly switch between different tasks and prioritize crucial operations by responding to the interrupts received from the various devices.
Overall, IRQs provide the mechanism for effective coordination and management of hardware devices, allowing them to interact with the CPU and ensuring smooth operation of computer systems.
