Iron gall ink is a traditional ink formulation that has been used for centuries. It is primarily composed of iron salts, typically ferrous sulfate, and tannin extracted from the galls of certain plants, such as oak or sumac trees. This ink is well known for its deep blue-black or brown-black color and its ability to create durable and long-lasting marks.
The process of making iron gall ink involves the reaction between ferrous sulfate and tannin. The iron salts are dissolved in water, and then the tannin is added gradually, resulting in the formation of a dark-colored solution. This ink has the unique characteristic of appearing faint upon application but gradually darkening over time as it undergoes oxidation and polymerization processes.
Iron gall ink has been widely used in various historical manuscripts, calligraphy, and artwork due to its good flow and permanence. It adheres well to a wide range of writing surfaces, including parchment, paper, and vellum. The ink penetrates the fibers of the medium, becoming chemically bonded and resistant to fading or erasure.
However, iron gall ink has a tendency to be acidic and corrosive, which can potentially damage paper over time. This is due to the natural acidity of the iron salts and the oxidation process, which can cause fading, bleeding, and deterioration of the paper substrate. Therefore, proper conservation and handling techniques are necessary to prevent long-term damage to documents or artworks created with iron gall ink.
In contemporary times, iron gall ink is still used by artists, calligraphers, and enthusiasts who appreciate its traditional look and historic significance. Modern formulations have aimed to reduce the acidity and corrosive tendencies while retaining the desirable qualities of the ink.
