Pronunciation: [ɪnvˈɒlʌkəz] (IPA) 
Involucres is a plural noun that refers to a series of bracts, or modified leaves, that surround and protect a group of flowers. The IPA phonetic transcription for involucres is /ɪnˈvɑːl.jʊ.krəz/. The word is spelled with an "i" in the first syllable, followed by a "vo" and a "lu," which make use of the "v" and "u" letter combination. The final syllable, "cres," is spelled with a "c" and an "e" to represent the "s" sound.
Involucres, also known as involucra (singular form), are a term used in botany to describe specialized structures that surround or enclose certain parts of a plant. Specifically, involucres are generally found in flowering plants (angiosperms) and refer to a ring or cluster of bracts that envelope and protect the inflorescence or individual flower.
Bracts are modified leaf-like structures that are often located at the base of a flower or inflorescence and may differ in appearance from the typical leaves of the plant. Involucres are typically positioned below the flower, forming a protective layer or covering that surrounds the reproductive structures. They are usually composed of several bracts arranged in a circular or cup-like formation, acting as a shield or support.
The main function of involucres is to provide protection and support to the flowers or inflorescence. They can help defend the developing flower from physical damage, predation, or desiccation. Additionally, involucres often play a role in attracting pollinators by serving as conspicuous visual signals or producing fragrances that attract specific pollinating agents.
Involucres can vary significantly in size, shape, color, and texture depending on the plant species. Some may consist of small, inconspicuous bracts, while others can be larger and highly ornamental, adding visual appeal to the overall appearance of the plant. Given their diverse forms and functions, involucres are an important characteristic to consider when identifying and classifying different plant species.
The word "involucres" derives from the Latin term "involucrum", which means "covering" or "envelope". Involucres is the plural form of involucre, which refers to a whorl or rosette of bracts (leaf-like structures) that surround a flower head or cluster of flowers. The term was adopted into English in the late 18th century to describe this botanical feature.
