INTRANASAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION Meaning and
Definition
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Intranasal drug administration refers to a method of delivering medications or drugs through the nostrils. It involves the direct application of the drug into the nasal cavity, where absorption occurs through the highly vascularized nasal mucosa. This non-invasive route of drug administration allows for rapid onset of action, avoiding the need for injections or oral ingestion.
The process of intranasal drug administration typically involves using a nasal spray or nasal drops that are specifically designed for this purpose. Upon administration, the drug solution or suspension is applied to the nasal cavity, where it comes into contact with the mucous membranes lining the nasal passages. The drug then diffuses into the bloodstream through the nasal mucosa, bypassing the digestive system and the liver's first-pass metabolism.
Intranasal drug administration is particularly useful for drugs that require rapid systemic effects or for those that do not easily cross the blood-brain barrier. It is often employed for delivering medications that target the upper respiratory tract, sinuses, or the central nervous system. Additionally, intranasal administration is also utilized for local treatments, such as nasal decongestants or glucocorticoid sprays, which directly target nasal symptoms.
This method of drug delivery offers several advantages including ease of use, patient acceptability, and the potential for improved bioavailability compared to oral administration. However, it also has limitations, such as limited volume that can be administered and the potential for nasal irritation or mucosal damage with certain medications. Medical professionals must carefully consider the appropriateness of intranasal drug administration for each medication and individual patient.
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