Intracranial Subarachnoid Hemorrhage refers to a medical condition characterized by bleeding into the space between the brain and its surrounding protective membranes, specifically the subarachnoid space. The subarachnoid space is the area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, two layers of meninges covering the brain.
This condition commonly occurs due to the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm, which is a weakened area in the blood vessel wall that balloons and eventually ruptures, causing bleeding. Other less common causes include head trauma, arteriovenous malformations, or bleeding disorders.
Symptoms of intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage often present suddenly and include a severe, sudden headache known as a "thunderclap" headache, neck stiffness, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, altered mental status, and loss of consciousness. It is considered a medical emergency as it can lead to serious complications, including brain damage, stroke, or death.
Diagnosis is usually confirmed through medical imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach and may include measures to manage the bleeding, prevent complications, and relieve symptoms. It may involve surgical interventions such as aneurysm clipping or endovascular coiling to repair the source of bleeding.
In summary, intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage is a condition characterized by bleeding in the subarachnoid space of the brain, often caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Prompt medical attention is crucial to ensure appropriate management and reduce the risk of severe complications.
