INTRACELLULAR EFFECTOR Meaning and
Definition
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An intracellular effector refers to a molecule or protein that mediates a cellular response within the confines of a cell. When a stimulus activates a cellular receptor, a series of signaling events is initiated that ultimately leads to cellular responses. These responses can include changes in gene expression, alterations in cell shape or movement, secretion of signaling molecules, or even cell death.
Intracellular effectors play crucial roles in mediating these cellular responses. They are typically involved in transmitting the information from the receptor to downstream signaling proteins, which regulate various cellular processes. The effector molecules may act as enzymes that modify other proteins or lipids, receptors that interact with specific molecules, or even transcription factors that regulate gene expression.
One well-known example of an intracellular effector is cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP is generated by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase in response to extracellular signals, and it acts as a signaling molecule that can activate various intracellular effectors such as protein kinase A (PKA). PKA then phosphorylates specific target proteins, resulting in the regulation of cellular processes such as metabolism, growth, or differentiation.
Understanding the functions of intracellular effectors is crucial for deciphering cellular signaling pathways and their implications in physiology and disease. The study of these effectors provides valuable insights into the complex machinery that controls cellular responses, paving the way for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
Common Misspellings for INTRACELLULAR EFFECTOR
- untracellular effector
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- inrracellular effector
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- inteacellular effector
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Etymology of INTRACELLULAR EFFECTOR
The etymology of the word "intracellular effector" can be understood by breaking it down into its components:
1. Intracellular: The term "intracellular" comes from the Latin words "intra" meaning "within" and "cellula" meaning "a small room" or "cell". It refers to something that occurs or exists within the cells of an organism.
2. Effector: The term "effector" comes from the Latin word "effectus" meaning "execution" or "accomplishment". It is derived from the verb "efficere" meaning "to accomplish" or "to make happen". In biology, an effector molecule or cell is responsible for producing a specific effect or response.
Combining these two components, "intracellular effector" refers to a molecule or cell that functions within the cells of an organism to produce a specific effect or response.
