Internal carotid artery dissection refers to a medical condition characterized by a tear or rupture in the lining of the internal carotid artery, one of the major arteries that supplies blood to the brain. This tear can often result in a partial or complete blockage of blood flow or the formation of a blood clot, leading to reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain tissues.
The internal carotid artery is located in the neck and carries oxygen-rich blood to the brain. A dissection occurs when the inner layers of the artery become separated, allowing blood to flow between the layers, consequently causing localized swelling and narrowing of the arterial lumen. This can disrupt blood flow and may lead to various symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, facial pain, vision changes, and in severe cases, stroke.
The condition can be spontaneous, occurring without any apparent cause, or it can be triggered by trauma or strenuous activities. Individuals with certain underlying conditions, including connective tissue disorders, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and conditions affecting the blood vessels, may be at a higher risk of developing internal carotid artery dissection.
Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent severe complications. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the dissection but typically involve anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications to reduce the risk of clot formation or surgical interventions such as stenting or bypass surgery to improve blood flow. Rehabilitation and lifestyle modifications may also be recommended to aid recovery and minimize the risk of recurrence.
