INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING Meaning and
Definition
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Instrumental learning, also known as operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning, refers to a type of learning that occurs through associations between behaviors and their consequences. It is a process in which an organism learns to behave in a certain way in order to obtain a desired outcome or avoid a negative consequence. Instrumental learning is often contrasted with classical conditioning, which involves the association between stimuli and voluntary responses.
In instrumental learning, the behaviors exhibited by the organism are directly influenced by the consequences that follow those behaviors. If a behavior leads to a positive outcome or reinforcement, it is more likely to be repeated in the future. Conversely, if a behavior results in a negative consequence or punishment, it is less likely to be repeated.
This type of learning is driven by the principle of reinforcement, which refers to the use of rewards or punishments to encourage or discourage particular behaviors. Reinforcement can be positive, in the form of rewards such as praise, food, or money, or negative, such as removal of an unpleasant stimulus. Both types of reinforcement are used to strengthen or increase the likelihood of desired behaviors.
Instrumental learning has extensively been studied in experimental psychology and has been applied in various areas, including education, behavior therapy, and animal training. By understanding the principles of instrumental learning, individuals can shape or modify behaviors to achieve specific goals or outcomes.
Common Misspellings for INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING
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Etymology of INSTRUMENTAL LEARNING
The word "instrumental" in the context of instrumental learning refers to the use of a tool or means to achieve a specific purpose or goal. In psychology, instrumental learning refers to a type of learning in which behavior is modified or shaped through the use of rewards or punishments.
The etymology of the word "instrumental" can be traced back to the Latin word "instrumentum", meaning "tool" or "implement". It evolved through Old French and Middle English before being adopted into modern English.
The term "instrumental learning" was coined by the American psychologist Edward L. Thorndike in the early 20th century. He used the term to describe his theories on the modification of behavior through trial-and-error learning, based on the use of rewards or punishments as instrumental reinforcers.
