INGROUPS AND OUTGROUPS Meaning and
Definition
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Ingroups and outgroups are sociological concepts that describe the distinction and categorization of individuals based on their belongingness to a particular social group or category. An ingroup refers to a group of people with whom an individual identifies or feels a sense of belonging. It can be based on various factors such as shared values, culture, ethnicity, or common interests. Ingroups are often characterized by a sense of loyalty, camaraderie, and cooperation among its members, promoting a positive self-image and feelings of solidarity.
On the other hand, outgroups are social groups to which an individual does not belong or is not affiliated with. They serve as a point of comparison and differentiation from the ingroup. Outgroups are often viewed with a sense of otherness, leading to the formation of stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination based on perceived differences in beliefs, values, or characteristics.
The distinction between ingroups and outgroups plays a significant role in social identity theory, as individuals tend to seek positive distinctiveness by favoring their ingroups and creating social boundaries against outgroups. This can lead to the development of intergroup biases, conflicts, and social stratification. It is important to note that the boundaries between ingroups and outgroups are not fixed and can be subject to change based on various factors such as personal experiences, societal norms, or socialization processes.
