Infectious Hepatitis Viruses refer to a group of pathogens that cause inflammation and infection of the liver known as hepatitis. There are several types of infectious hepatitis viruses, the most common being hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is typically transmitted through fecal-oral contamination, often resulting from consuming contaminated food or water. It causes an acute infection that leads to symptoms such as fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice. Most individuals recover from HAV infection without any long-term complications.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids, commonly through sexual contact or sharing needles. HBV can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Chronic HBV infections increase the risk of developing liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood, often associated with sharing needles or receiving contaminated blood transfusions. HCV can lead to both acute and chronic hepatitis, with chronic infections being the most common. Prolonged HCV infection may result in liver dysfunction and may require liver transplantation.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) only occurs in individuals co-infected with HBV. HDV infection causes a more severe form of hepatitis with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route, similar to HAV. HEV infections usually result in acute hepatitis, and most individuals recover without complications. However, pregnant women infected with HEV are at an increased risk of developing severe liver disease.
Infectious hepatitis viruses are significant public health concerns globally, with
