INDIAN SCULPTURE Meaning and
Definition
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Indian sculpture refers to the artistic tradition of creating three-dimensional works of art in the Indian subcontinent. It encompasses a wide range of styles, techniques, and materials found throughout the diverse cultural and historical periods of India. Indian sculpture is characterized by its rich and symbolic imagery, inherent spirituality, and an emphasis on representing the human and divine form.
One of the notable features of Indian sculpture is its ancient roots, dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization around 2500 BCE. Over the centuries, various dynasties and empires, including the Mauryas, Guptas, Cholas, and Mughals, have left a significant impact on the development of Indian sculpture. Each era brought its own distinctive styles and themes, influenced by religious beliefs such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.
The techniques employed in Indian sculpture vary depending on the materials used, which range from stone (such as limestone, sandstone, and granite) to bronze, terracotta, and wood. Sculptors skilled in carving, modeling, and casting create intricate and detailed sculptures depicting gods, goddesses, mythical beings, animals, and humans.
Indian sculpture often showcases dynamic postures, graceful movements, and elongated proportions, reflecting the importance of spirituality, aesthetics, and symbolism in Indian art. These sculptures found in temples, caves, and other religious and secular contexts serve as objects of worship, decoration, and storytelling.
Today, Indian sculpture continues to thrive as a living art form, blending traditional techniques with contemporary styles. It holds immense historical, cultural, and artistic value, serving as a testament to the rich artistic heritage and spiritual traditions of India.
Etymology of INDIAN SCULPTURE
The word "Indian" in the term "Indian sculpture" refers to the art, culture, or people of India. The etymology of the word "Indian" can be traced back to the Latin word "Indicus", which comes from the Greek word "Indikos".
The Greek term "Indikos" referred to the region near the Indus River, which is located in present-day Pakistan and northwest India. The Indus River was a significant geographical feature in South Asia and played a crucial role in connecting different civilizations and cultures.
Over time, "Indikos" was adapted into various languages, including Old English, French, and Middle English, eventually evolving into the term "Indian" as we know it today.
Regarding the term "sculpture", its origin can be traced back to the Latin word "sculpere", meaning "to carve".
