IMMUNOGLOBULIN GM ALLOTYPE Meaning and
Definition
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Immunoglobulin Gm Allotype refers to the genetically determined allotypic variations found in the constant (C) region of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. IgG is the most abundant class of antibodies in the blood and plays a crucial role in the immune response by recognizing and binding to foreign substances (antigens) for neutralization or elimination.
The Gm allotype is determined by the presence of specific genetic markers, known as Gm markers, within the IgG heavy chain genes. These markers are codominantly expressed, meaning individuals can inherit one or two different allotypes from their parents. Currently, more than 30 different Gm allotypes have been identified in humans.
In addition to their genetic basis, Gm allotypes are characterized by unique amino acid sequences or structural differences in the IgG constant region, such as changes in the three-dimensional conformation or the presence or absence of certain amino acid residues. These variations can influence the functional properties of IgG antibodies, including their binding affinity for antigens or their ability to activate immune effector functions.
The Gm allotype has been associated with several disease susceptibility and outcome, providing insights into the genetic basis of different immune responses and disease progression. Determining the Gm allotype in individuals can also have important implications in the field of blood transfusion and transplantation, as it can affect the compatibility and immunological response to donor-derived IgG antibodies.
Common Misspellings for IMMUNOGLOBULIN GM ALLOTYPE
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