Immunisation is the process by which an individual's immune system is strengthened or instructed to recognize and defend against specific infectious diseases. It involves the administration of vaccines or other preparations that contain killed or weakened forms of a disease-causing microorganism, parts of the microorganism, or synthetic substances that mimic the microorganism. The purpose of immunisation is to stimulate the body's natural defense mechanisms, such as the production of antibodies and memory cells, without actually causing the full-blown disease.
Immunisation is an essential preventive measure in public health, as it helps to reduce the incidence and severity of infectious diseases. It is considered one of the most effective ways to protect individuals, communities, and populations from various diseases, including viral, bacterial, and some parasitic infections. Through immunisation, individuals develop immunity, which provides resistance against future exposures to the disease-causing agent.
The process of immunisation typically involves a series of doses, known as a vaccine schedule, which is recommended based on age, health condition, and specific risk factors. Common immunisations include vaccines for diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis, influenza, pneumonia, and many others.
Immunisation has been a crucial achievement in the field of medicine, as it has significantly contributed to the eradication or control of numerous infectious diseases worldwide. It has saved millions of lives, reduced morbidity rates, and prevented outbreaks. Immunisation is often carried out through public health programs, aimed at ensuring widespread coverage and protection for the population.
