An immortal cell line refers to a group of cells that have the ability to proliferate indefinitely, bypassing the natural biological process of senescence or cell death. Unlike normal cells, which have a limited number of divisions, immortal cells have acquired genetic mutations or alterations that enable them to divide indefinitely without undergoing apoptosis, the programmed cell death that typically occurs when a cell reaches the end of its lifespan.
These immortal cells are typically derived from human or animal tissues and are extensively used in laboratory research, particularly in fields like cancer biology, virology, and drug development. The generation of immortal cell lines often involves manipulating the cells in vitro, either by introducing viral genes or subjecting them to environmental stressors, such as exposure to chemicals or radiation.
Immortal cell lines have several characteristics distinguishing them from normal cells. They exhibit an altered growth rate, surpassing the normal division capabilities of cells. They possess an unlimited replicative potential, allowing them to divide and form large populations of cells for an extended period. Additionally, they have an altered response to cell signaling, enabling them to evade both internal and external cell death signals.
These immortal cells have played a crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge and medical breakthroughs. Their ability to be maintained and propagated in vitro has allowed researchers to investigate various aspects of cell behavior, study diseases, and develop therapies. However, it is important to note that the infinite growth potential of immortal cell lines can also raise ethical concerns, particularly regarding privacy, consent, and control over the use of cell lines derived from individuals.
