Immobilized cells refer to cells that are trapped or fixed in a matrix or support material, preventing their movement or dispersion. This immobilization process allows the cells to remain confined in a specific location or structure, aiding in their utilization for various applications in biotechnology and bioprocessing.
The matrix or support material used for immobilization provides a physical framework to hold the cells in place, enabling them to carry out their intended functions. This material can be natural or synthetic, such as polymers, gels, beads, or fibers. It serves as a scaffold to anchor the cells and can provide structural support, protection, and mechanical stability to maintain the integrity of the immobilized cells.
Immobilized cell systems find extensive use in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, wastewater treatment, and environmental bioremediation. These systems offer several advantages over free cell systems, such as enhanced cell viability, better stability and control, improved productivity, and easy recovery of cells for reuse or disposal. Immobilization also allows cells to be used in continuous processes, where the cells are retained within a specific reaction vessel, thus enabling continuous or repeated use of the cells.
The immobilization of cells can be achieved through several techniques, including entrapment, adsorption, encapsulation, membrane attachment, and crosslinking. Each immobilization method has its own benefits and limitations, depending on the specific application and type of cells being used.
In summary, immobilized cells are cells that are trapped or fixed in a matrix or support material to confine their movement, allowing them to perform specific functions in a controlled manner for various biotechnological applications.
