IGF Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) are a group of proteins that bind with Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs), which are hormones involved in regulating growth and development within the body. These proteins play a crucial role in modulating the availability and activity of IGFs in various tissues and fluids.
IGF Binding Proteins are produced by various cells and tissues, such as the liver, where they are primarily synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream. They are responsible for binding and carrying IGFs, thereby protecting them from degradation and prolonging their half-life. This binding interaction restricts the bioavailability of IGFs, preventing their uncontrolled action and potential negative effects.
There are at least six known IGFBP isoforms, numbered from 1 to 6, each with unique binding affinities and specific functions. While all IGFBPs bind IGFs, they can also exhibit additional biological activities independent of their interaction with IGFs. For instance, some IGFBPs have been found to regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis through pathways that do not involve IGFs.
IGFBPs are crucial regulators of the IGF signaling system and are involved in many physiological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair, bone growth, and regulation of metabolism. Alterations in the expression or activity of IGFBPs have been associated with various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. Consequently, they have gained significant research and clinical interest as potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers for these conditions.
