IG SOMATIC HYPERMUTATIONS Meaning and
Definition
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Ig somatic hypermutations refer to the genetic alterations or mutations that occur in the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes within B cells. Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by B cells as a part of the adaptive immune response, and they play a crucial role in recognizing and neutralizing foreign substances (antigens) within the body. Somatic hypermutation is a natural process that introduces genetic diversity in the genes encoding immunoglobulins, increasing the ability of the immune system to generate antibodies with high specificity and affinity for antigens.
During somatic hypermutation, certain regions within the Ig genes called variable regions are selectively mutated. This variability allows for the generation of a vast repertoire of antibody molecules with slightly different antigen-binding sites. The process is driven by a specialized enzyme called activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which introduces random mutations in the DNA sequence of the variable region.
The mutated B cells undergo a selection process where those with improved antigen-binding capabilities are favored for survival and proliferation, while those with reduced affinity or autoreactivity are eliminated. Over time, this iterative process leads to improved immune responses as B cells continue to undergo somatic hypermutation and produce antibodies with increased affinity for specific antigens.
Ig somatic hypermutations are important for the generation of memory B cells and the production of high-affinity antibodies during an immune response. They are a fundamental aspect of adaptive immunity and contribute to the long-term protection against recurring infections or vaccination.
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