Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a medical condition characterized by increased pressure within the skull, leading to symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor. The term "idiopathic" refers to the unknown cause of the condition, as the underlying factors triggering IIH are not well understood.
In IIH, there is an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, causing elevated intracranial pressure. This increased pressure can result in debilitating symptoms such as severe headaches, blurred vision, double vision, ringing in the ears, nausea, and vomiting. These symptoms can progressively worsen if left untreated, potentially leading to permanent visual loss.
The exact cause of IIH remains uncertain, but several risk factors have been identified, including obesity, hormonal imbalances, certain medications, and certain medical conditions such as sleep apnea and certain autoimmune disorders. Although the condition can affect individuals of any age or gender, it is most commonly seen in overweight women of childbearing age.
The diagnosis of IIH involves a thorough evaluation of symptoms, a detailed medical history, and a comprehensive physical examination. Additional tests, such as a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), may be performed to measure the pressure of CSF. Imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV), are often conducted to rule out other potential causes and detect any associated abnormalities.
Treatment for IIH aims to manage symptoms, reduce intracranial pressure, and prevent visual deterioration. This often includes lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, caffeine reduction, and medication therapy to reduce CSF production or increase its absorption. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to alleviate pressure
