I/O space, also known as Input/Output space or simply I/O address space, refers to a range of memory addresses that are specifically allocated for communication between peripheral devices and the central processing unit (CPU) in a computer system. It is a distinct and separate memory area from the main memory or RAM, dedicated to handling input and output operations.
In computer architecture, every peripheral device, such as a keyboard, mouse, display monitor, or printer, requires a unique set of memory addresses. These addresses are used by the CPU to read data from or write data to the peripheral devices. This communication pathway allows the CPU to control and exchange information with the connected devices.
I/O space is typically implemented as a separate memory-mapped region, meaning that the memory addresses assigned to peripherals are treated as if they were locations in the main memory. This allows the CPU to access and exchange data with peripheral devices using the same read and write instructions it uses for regular memory operations.
To prevent conflicts and ensure efficient communication, each peripheral device is assigned a specific range of memory addresses within the overall I/O address space. These addresses are typically defined by the hardware or the device's driver software and are managed by the computer's operating system.
Overall, I/O space provides a standardized and structured means of communication between a computer's CPU and its connected peripheral devices, enabling efficient data transfer and interaction.
