Hysterical Amnesias is a medical condition wherein an individual experiences memory loss due to emotional stress or trauma. The spelling of the word can be explained through the use of IPA phonetic transcription, which reads as "hɪˈstɛrɪkəl æmˈniːzɪəz". "Hysterical" has a stressed syllable on the second to the last syllable, while "amnesias" has its stress on the second syllable. The word is spelled with an "e" before "sia" because it is plural, indicating the condition affects multiple episodes.
Hysterical amnesias, also known as dissociative amnesias or psychogenic amnesias, are a type of memory disorder characterized by the sudden loss of episodic memory, typically associated with a stressful or traumatic event. This condition falls under the umbrella of dissociative disorders, which involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception.
Individuals with hysterical amnesias typically exhibit an inability to recall important personal information, including events, people, or places, often related to the traumatic experience. Unlike organic amnesia caused by brain damage or neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or acute stress disorder, often underlie hysterical amnesias. These memory disturbances in hysterical amnesias are believed to be adaptive responses to overwhelming stress, acting as a defense mechanism to protect the individual from distressing or painful memories.
The severity and duration of hysterical amnesias can vary widely among individuals, and memories lost during these episodes may or may not spontaneously return over time. Treatment for hysterical amnesias typically involves psychotherapy approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), hypnosis, or other techniques aimed at helping patients recall and process traumatic memories. Medications may also be prescribed to manage associated symptoms or psychiatric comorbidities.
It is important to note that hysterical amnesias are distinct from malingering, a deliberate feigning of memory loss for secondary gain. Diagnosis of hysterical amnesias requires careful assessment by a qualified mental health professional to rule out organic causes and determine the underlying psychological factors contributing to the memory disturbances.
The word "hysterical" originates from the Greek word "hystera", meaning "womb". In ancient Greek medicine, it was believed that certain behaviors and symptoms were caused by a wandering uterus, leading to the term "hystera" being associated with emotional or behavioral disorders. Over time, the term evolved to "hystericus" in Latin and eventually "hysterical" in modern English.
"Amnesias" is the plural form of the word "amnesia", which is derived from the Greek word "amnēsia", meaning "forgetfulness". The word "amnēsia" itself originates from "amnēstēs", which means "forgetful" in Greek.
Therefore, the term "hysterical amnesias" combines "hysterical", referring to emotional or behavioral disturbances, and "amnesias", referring to a condition of forgetfulness.