HYPERSENSITIVITY Meaning and
Definition
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Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or abnormal response of the immune system to a foreign substance, also known as an allergen or an antigen. It is a state in which the immune system reacts excessively or inappropriately to harmless substances, causing an allergic reaction or sensitivity.
The immune system's main function is to defend the body against harmful substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, in hypersensitivity, the immune system identifies harmless substances as potential threats and triggers an immune response. This can lead to symptoms ranging from mild to severe, depending on the individual and the specific allergen involved.
There are four main types of hypersensitivity reactions: type I, type II, type III, and type IV. Type I hypersensitivity reactions are immediate and involve the release of substances like histamine, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, sneezing, and difficulty breathing. Type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions involve the activation of antibodies and can lead to conditions such as autoimmune diseases and tissue damage. Type IV hypersensitivity reactions, also known as delayed hypersensitivity, occur within 48-72 hours after exposure to an allergen and often result in skin rashes or inflammation.
Hypersensitivity can be triggered by a variety of allergens, including pollen, dust mites, certain foods, medications, and insect stings. Treatment for hypersensitivity typically involves avoiding the allergen, taking anti-inflammatory medications, and in severe cases, using emergency medications like epinephrine to manage anaphylaxis. Additionally, some individuals may benefit from allergy desensitization therapy, where the immune system is gradually exposed to small amounts of the allergen to reduce sensitivity over time.
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Etymology of HYPERSENSITIVITY
The word "hypersensitivity" is derived from the combination of two root words: "hyper-" and "sensitivity".
1. "Hyper-" is a prefix derived from the Greek word "huper" (meaning "over" or "beyond"). It is added to words to indicate an excessive or increased degree or intensity. For example, in words like "hypertension" (high blood pressure) or "hyperactive" (excessively active).
2. "Sensitivity" is derived from the Latin word "sensitivus", which means "capable of feeling or perceiving". It refers to the state or quality of being sensitive, both in a physical and emotional sense. It is used in various contexts to signify a heightened ability to respond or react to certain stimuli.
Similar spelling words for HYPERSENSITIVITY
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