How Do You Spell HYPERPOLARISE?

Pronunciation: [hˌa͡ɪpəpˈə͡ʊləɹˌa͡ɪz] (IPA)

The word "hyperpolarise" is spelled with a "y" instead of an "i" in its British English form. The pronunciation is /haɪ.pəˈpɒl.ə.raɪz/ and it refers to a process where the membrane potential of a cell becomes even more negative, usually caused by the efflux of positively charged ions or influx of negatively charged ones. The word is essential in the study of biology and physiology, and it helps describe the electrical behavior of neurons and muscle cells.

HYPERPOLARISE Meaning and Definition

1. Hyperpolarize is a term used in the field of neurophysiology and cell biology, referring to the process of increasing the electrical charge difference across a cell membrane. It occurs when the membrane potential of a cell becomes more negative than the resting potential.

   When a cell is at rest, it maintains a stable electrical charge across its membrane, known as the resting potential. This resting potential is mainly due to the difference in concentrations of ions inside and outside the cell. During hyperpolarization, the relative concentration of ions on either side of the cell membrane is altered, causing an increase in the negative charge inside the cell.

   Hyperpolarization can be achieved by different mechanisms, including the opening of specific ion channels that allow the influx of negatively charged ions (such as chloride) into the cell or the efflux of positively charged ions (such as potassium) out of the cell. This change in ion movement leads to an increase in the negative charge inside the cell, making it more difficult for the cell to depolarize and generate an action potential.

   Hyperpolarization plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, such as the regulation of neuronal excitability, signal processing in neural circuits, and muscular contractions. It is also involved in the inhibitory synaptic transmission, where hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron prevents its depolarization and subsequent firing.

Etymology of HYPERPOLARISE

The word "hyperpolarise" is derived from the combination of two words: "hyper" and "polarise".

The prefix "hyper-" comes from the Greek word "huper", meaning "above" or "beyond". It is often used in English to indicate excess or heightened activity.

The term "polarise" comes from the Latin word "polaris", which means "polar". In the context of biology, polarisation refers to the separation of electrical charges, particularly across a cell membrane.

When combined, "hyperpolarise" describes an exaggerated or increased level of "polarisation" in which the membrane potential of a cell becomes more negative than its resting potential. It is a term commonly used in physiology and neurobiology to describe specific changes in membrane potential.

Conjugate verb Hyperpolarise

CONDITIONAL

I would hyperpolarise

you would hyperpolarise

he/she/it would hyperpolarise

we would hyperpolarise

they would hyperpolarise

CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS

I would be hyperpolarising

you would be hyperpolarising

he/she/it would be hyperpolarising

we would be hyperpolarising

they would be hyperpolarising

CONDITIONAL PERFECT

I would have hyperpolarise

you would have hyperpolarise

he/she/it would have hyperpolarise

we would have hyperpolarise

they would have hyperpolarise

CONDITIONAL PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I would have been hyperpolarising

you would have been hyperpolarising

he/she/it would have been hyperpolarising

we would have been hyperpolarising

they would have been hyperpolarising

FUTURE

I will hyperpolarise

you will hyperpolarise

he/she/it will hyperpolarise

we will hyperpolarise

they will hyperpolarise

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

I will be hyperpolarising

you will be hyperpolarising

he/she/it will be hyperpolarising

we will be hyperpolarising

they will be hyperpolarising

FUTURE PERFECT

I will have hyperpolarised

you will have hyperpolarised

he/she/it will have hyperpolarised

we will have hyperpolarised

they will have hyperpolarised

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I will have been hyperpolarising

you will have been hyperpolarising

he/she/it will have been hyperpolarising

we will have been hyperpolarising

they will have been hyperpolarising

IMPERATIVE

you hyperpolarise

we let´s hyperpolarise

NONFINITE VERB FORMS

to hyperpolarise

PAST

I hyperpolarised

you hyperpolarised

he/she/it hyperpolarised

we hyperpolarised

they hyperpolarised

PAST CONTINUOUS

I was hyperpolarising

you were hyperpolarising

he/she/it was hyperpolarising

we were hyperpolarising

they were hyperpolarising

PAST PARTICIPLE

hyperpolarised

PAST PERFECT

I had hyperpolarised

you had hyperpolarised

he/she/it had hyperpolarised

we had hyperpolarised

they had hyperpolarised

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I had been hyperpolarising

you had been hyperpolarising

he/she/it had been hyperpolarising

we had been hyperpolarising

they had been hyperpolarising

PRESENT

I hyperpolarise

you hyperpolarise

he/she/it hyperpolarises

we hyperpolarise

they hyperpolarise

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

I am hyperpolarising

you are hyperpolarising

he/she/it is hyperpolarising

we are hyperpolarising

they are hyperpolarising

PRESENT PARTICIPLE

hyperpolarising

PRESENT PERFECT

I have hyperpolarised

you have hyperpolarised

he/she/it has hyperpolarised

we have hyperpolarised

they have hyperpolarised

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I have been hyperpolarising

you have been hyperpolarising

he/she/it has been hyperpolarising

we have been hyperpolarising

they have been hyperpolarising