Hypernephroma, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is a type of malignant tumor that originates in the cells of the kidney. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, accounting for approximately 90% of all cases. The term "hypernephroma" is largely outdated and rarely used, with renal cell carcinoma being the preferred terminology in modern medical literature.
Renal cell carcinoma typically develops in the lining of the small tubes within the kidney, referred to as renal tubules. These tumors usually grow as a single mass within one kidney, although they can seldom affect both kidneys simultaneously. The exact cause of hypernephroma is often unknown; however, certain risk factors have been identified, including smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, family history of kidney cancer, and certain genetic conditions.
The symptoms of hypernephroma might include blood in the urine, back or abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or a palpable lump in the abdomen. Diagnosis of hypernephroma involves a variety of methods, including imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, and a biopsy may be required to confirm the malignancy. Treatment options for hypernephroma depend on several factors, such as the stage and spread of the tumor, overall health of the patient, and individual preferences. Common treatment approaches include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of interventions.
In summary, hypernephroma, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is a type of kidney cancer that arises from the cells within the kidney. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management of this condition.
