Hydronephrosis is a medical condition characterized by the swelling or enlargement of the kidneys due to the accumulation of urine. This condition occurs when urine flow is obstructed or hindered, preventing it from draining properly from the kidneys. The term "hydronephrosis" is derived from combining the Greek words "hydro" meaning water and "nephros" meaning kidney.
The obstruction or blockage causing hydronephrosis may be located within the ureter, the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder, or at the bladder level itself. Common causes of hydronephrosis include kidney stones, tumors, cysts, urinary tract infections, and congenital abnormalities in the urinary tract.
As urine accumulates, the affected kidney expands, resulting in increasing pressure and potential damage to the renal tissue. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including flank pain, urinary tract infections, hematuria (blood in the urine), and frequent urination. In severe cases, hydronephrosis can cause kidney failure if left untreated.
Medical diagnosis of hydronephrosis typically involves a combination of imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. They can range from medications to surgical intervention, with the goal of relieving the blockage or obstruction and restoring normal urine flow.
Overall, hydronephrosis is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the kidneys due to obstructed urine flow. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent complications and maintain optimal kidney function.
