Hybridization in situ, also known as in situ hybridization, is a molecular biology technique used to locate and identify specific DNA or RNA sequences within cells or tissues. This method allows researchers to visualize and analyze the expression patterns of genes or the presence of specific nucleic acids in their original locations, providing valuable information about the spatial distribution of molecules.
During hybridization in situ, a complementary nucleic acid probe is synthesized in the laboratory, tagged with a fluorescent or radioactive marker, and applied to the tissue of interest. The probe binds to its specific target sequence within the sample, forming a stable hybrid between the two nucleic acid strands. The excess, unbound probe is removed through several washing steps.
By visualizing the fluorescence or radioactivity of the labeled probe, scientists can precisely pinpoint the presence and quantity of the specific DNA or RNA sequences within the biological sample. This technique enables the examination of gene expression levels, chromosomal abnormalities, viral infections, and other molecular events directly within intact tissues or cells.
Hybridization in situ has proven to be a powerful tool in various biological fields, including developmental biology, pathology, and genetics research. It has contributed to our understanding of gene regulation, cell differentiation, disease mechanisms, and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.
