Human enterovirus C, also known as HEV-C, is a genetically diverse, single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Enterovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family. This viral species primarily infects humans and comprises a group of over 20 serotypes, including coxsackievirus A16, enterovirus 71, and others.
Human enterovirus C infections are known to be common, especially in infants and young children, and are mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route. These viruses can also spread through person-to-person contact, respiratory droplets, and contaminated surfaces. Consequently, outbreaks of EV-C infections can occur in various settings such as childcare centers, schools, and communities.
Clinical manifestations of HEV-C infections vary widely, ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe and potentially fatal diseases. Common symptoms often include fever, rash, sore throat, and respiratory symptoms such as runny nose and cough. However, some strains of HEV-C have been associated with more severe manifestations like hand, foot, and mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and acute flaccid paralysis.
Diagnosis of HEV-C infection usually involves laboratory testing such as viral isolation from clinical samples, nucleic acid amplification techniques (like PCR), and serological tests to detect specific antibodies. There is currently no antiviral therapy available for HEV-C infections, and treatment mainly focuses on relieving symptoms and providing supportive care.
To prevent the spread of HEV-C infections, maintaining good hygiene practices such as frequent handwashing, disinfection of surfaces, and proper sanitation are crucial. Vaccines against particular serotypes of HEV-C, such as those targeting enterovirus 71, have been developed and
