Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (hCS) is a hormone that is primarily produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It is also known as Human Placental Lactogen (hPL). This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating and supporting the development and growth of the fetus.
HCS is structurally similar to human growth hormone (hGH) and prolactin, and it exhibits both growth-promoting and lactogenic properties. Its metabolic functions appear to be similar to those of growth hormone, as it stimulates lipolysis (the breakdown of fat) while also inhibiting the uptake and utilization of glucose by maternal tissues. These metabolic effects serve to provide a steady supply of nutrients for the developing fetus.
Furthermore, hCS also acts as a lactogenic hormone, promoting breast development and milk production in preparation for breastfeeding. It stimulates the alveolar cells in the breasts to produce and secrete milk during pregnancy and after childbirth.
In addition to its metabolic and lactogenic effects, hCS also plays a role in the regulation of fetal growth. It promotes mitosis (cell division) and the development of various fetal tissues, including the skeleton, lungs, and liver.
Measurement of hCS levels in the maternal blood or urine is commonly used in clinical settings to evaluate fetal well-being and gestational development. Deviations from the normal levels of hCS can indicate potential issues with fetal growth or placental function.
Overall, Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin is an important hormone produced during pregnancy that influences maternal metabolism, prepares the breasts for lactation, and regulates fetal growth and development.
