HUMAN BREAST CANCER GENE Meaning and
Definition
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The human breast cancer gene refers to a specific gene or set of genes that have been identified as having a significant association with the development of breast cancer in humans. Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that can have both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. However, certain genetic mutations have been found to play a particularly crucial role in the development of breast cancer.
The human breast cancer gene is typically used to describe mutations in two genes called BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes are responsible for producing proteins that help repair damaged DNA and prevent the growth of abnormal cells. However, when mutations occur in these genes, it can lead to an increased risk of developing breast cancer.
Women who inherit a mutated form of BRCA1 or BRCA2 from either parent have a significantly higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer compared to the general population. In addition, men with these mutations also have an increased risk of developing breast and prostate cancer.
The identification of the human breast cancer gene has been instrumental in understanding the hereditary component of breast cancer and has paved the way for genetic testing and counseling. This allows individuals with a family history of breast cancer to better understand their personal risk and make informed decisions about screening and preventative measures, such as prophylactic surgery or increased surveillance.
Overall, the human breast cancer gene refers to the specific genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) that, when mutated, confer an increased risk of developing breast cancer.
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