The Hudson Bay Collared lemming, scientifically known as Dicrostonyx hudsonius, is a small rodent species belonging to the Cricetidae family. It is primarily found in the tundra regions of North America, specifically the area surrounding Hudson Bay, after which it is named.
These lemmings have distinctive physical characteristics that help in their recognition. They measure approximately 12 to 16 centimeters in length, with a short stubby tail averaging 1 to 2 centimeters. Their fur is thick and dense, adapting to the harsh Arctic climate, and varies in color throughout the year. During the summer, their fur changes to a light brownish-gray shade, while it turns pure white in winter to blend with the snow-covered landscape.
Hudson Bay Collared lemmings are herbivorous creatures, feeding on a variety of plant matter such as grass, sedges, and mosses. Their diet is crucial in sustaining their energy levels and helping them endure the strenuous conditions of their habitat.
These small mammals are well-known for their high levels of population fluctuations, partly due to their cyclic breeding patterns. Females usually give birth to litters of 4 to 6 offspring, which are able to breed themselves within their first year of life. This rapid reproductive rate contributes to the periodic booms and crashes observed in their population numbers.
Being a vital component of Arctic ecosystems, Hudson Bay Collared lemmings serve as prey for numerous predators, including birds of prey, foxes, weasels, and owls. They play a significant role in the food web, contributing to the overall biodiversity and balance of the region's delicate ecosystem.
