A hot air balloon is a large, lightweight aircraft that is designed to fly using the principle of buoyancy. It consists of a flexible envelope or balloon made of various materials such as nylon or polyester fabric, which is filled with hot air to provide lift. The envelope is typically conically shaped and has an opening at the bottom known as the mouth, where a burner unit is attached.
The burner unit, fueled by propane or another gas, produces a flame that heats the air inside the envelope. As the air inside the balloon becomes heated, it becomes less dense than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to rise. The hot air is contained within the envelope by an opening at the top, called the parachute valve, which allows the pilot to control the rate of ascent or descent by releasing or venting the hot air.
Attached to the envelope is a gondola or basket, which is usually made of wicker or other lightweight materials. The gondola carries passengers, typically ranging from two to twelve individuals, and the pilot. It is equipped with controls for the burner and other instruments necessary for navigation and safety.
Hot air balloons are often used for recreational purposes such as sightseeing flights, as they provide a peaceful and unique aerial vantage point. They can also be utilized for scientific research, advertising, and competitive sports. The invention of the hot air balloon is attributed to the Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel and Jacques-Étienne, in the late 18th century, marking the beginning of human-controlled flight.
