Horton Giant Cell Arteritis, also known as temporal giant cell arteritis or cranial arteritis, is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the arteries in the head, particularly the temporal arteries located on the sides of the forehead. It is considered a form of vasculitis, characterized by the inflammation and damage of blood vessels.
The condition mainly affects individuals above the age of 50, and more commonly occurs in women. The exact cause of Horton Giant Cell Arteritis is still unknown, but it is thought to involve an autoimmune response, whereby the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own blood vessels. Genetic predisposition is also believed to play a role in its development.
Common symptoms of Horton Giant Cell Arteritis include severe headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw pain, vision problems, fatigue, and muscle aches. Due to the potential involvement of the ophthalmic artery, individuals may also experience visual disturbances, including sudden blindness in severe cases.
If left untreated, Horton Giant Cell Arteritis can lead to serious complications such as permanent vision loss or stroke. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial. Diagnosis is often based on clinical evaluation, blood tests, and a biopsy of the temporal artery showing inflammation and giant cells.
Treatment typically involves the administration of high doses of corticosteroids, such as prednisone, to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage. The dosage is gradually reduced over time as symptoms improve. Long-term treatment may be necessary to prevent relapses. Other medications, such as immunosuppressants, may be prescribed in cases of severe or resistant disease.
Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare professionals are essential to ensure successful management of Horton Giant Cell Arteritis and monitor for potential complications.
