Horndistemper is a term used to describe a highly contagious and acute viral disease that affects animals, particularly livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and goats. It is caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and is characterized by the development of fever, nasal and ocular discharge, erosions and ulcers on the mouth, hoof abnormalities, reduced fertility, and abortion.
The term "horndistemper" originated from the observation of the disease's apparent impact on animal horns, leading to their malformation or stunted growth. However, it is important to note that the disease primarily affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems.
In terms of transmission, horndistemper spreads through direct contact with infected animals, as well as through indirect contact with contaminated objects, such as feeders and water troughs. It can also be transmitted from pregnant cows to their unborn calves, contributing to a high mortality rate in young animals. The virus can survive on fomites for extended periods, increasing the risk of transmission between animals in close proximity.
Prevention and control of horndistemper involve measures such as vaccination, testing and culling of persistently infected animals, biosecurity practices, and isolation of affected individuals. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing outbreaks and reducing its economic impact on the livestock industry.
