A homoiotherm, also known as a homeotherm, is a term used in biology to describe an organism that is able to maintain its body temperature within a narrow range, irrespective of the temperature of its environment. This term is typically applied to animals, especially mammals and birds, as they possess the physiological ability to regulate their internal body temperature.
Homoiotherms have developed various mechanisms to achieve temperature stability. They possess a high metabolic rate, which allows them to generate sufficient heat through internal processes. Additionally, they have an insulation system, such as fur, hair, feathers, or blubber, that aids in reducing heat loss to the environment. Most homoiothermic animals also exhibit behavioral adaptations, such as seeking shelter or basking in the sun, to regulate their body temperature.
The ability to maintain a constant body temperature in homoiotherms provides several advantages. It allows them to be active in a wide range of environmental conditions, as they are less reliant on external heat sources for thermoregulation. It also enables them to have greater control over their metabolism, enzymatic activity, and physiological processes, promoting optimal functioning of their bodily systems.
In contrast, poikilotherms, also known as ectotherms, are organisms whose body temperature fluctuates with the external environment. They rely on external heat sources, like the sun or their surroundings, to warm up or cool down their bodies. Examples of poikilotherms include reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.
