Hominine is a term used in the field of paleoanthropology and evolutionary biology to categorize a subgroup of the family Hominidae, which includes modern humans (Homo sapiens) and our closest extinct relatives. The word "hominine" is derived from the taxonomic term "Hominini," which is used to refer to the tribe within the subfamily Homininae to which modern humans belong.
Hominine species are characterized by their bipedal locomotion, meaning they walk habitually on two legs. This unique adaptation is considered a defining feature of the group. Other distinguishing characteristics include relatively large brain sizes, reduced canine teeth, and changes in dentition and skull structure compared to other primates.
The hominine group is comprised of various extinct species, such as Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthals), Homo erectus, and Homo habilis, as well as contemporary humans. These species have evolved over millions of years and represent different stages or branches in the human evolutionary tree.
The study of hominine fossils and genetic evidence provides valuable insights into our evolutionary history, helping us understand the origins, relationships, and adaptations of our ancestors. By examining the physical traits, behavioral patterns, and cultural developments of hominines, scientists can reconstruct our evolutionary journey and gain a deeper understanding of the factors that shaped modern humans.
In summary, "hominine" refers to a group of primates, including Homo sapiens, that are distinguished by their bipedal locomotion, large brain sizes, reduced canine teeth, and other cranial and dental adaptations.
