Hodgkin disease, also known as Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system. It is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of certain white blood cells, called lymphocytes, which are responsible for fighting off infections in the body.
This condition primarily affects the lymph nodes, causing them to enlarge and swell. It can also involve other lymphatic tissues such as the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and even non-lymphatic organs like the lungs, liver, and intestines.
Hodgkin disease is distinguished from other types of lymphoma by the presence of a specific type of abnormal lymphocyte known as Reed-Sternberg cells. These rare cells are larger than normal lymphocytes and have distinct features under the microscope. The presence of these cells is considered a hallmark of Hodgkin disease.
The exact cause of Hodgkin disease remains unknown, although certain risk factors such as a compromised immune system, exposure to certain viruses like Epstein-Barr virus, and a family history of the disease have been associated with its development.
Symptoms of Hodgkin disease include painless swelling of lymph nodes, fever, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, persistent cough, and general malaise. The disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, biopsy, and analysis of lymphatic tissue samples.
Treatment options for Hodgkin disease depend on the stage and extent of the disease but generally involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes stem cell transplant. With advances in treatment, the prognosis for Hodgkin disease has significantly improved, particularly in early-stage cases, with high rates of remission and long-term survival.
