HLA-MB antigens, also known as HLA-DM antigens, refer to a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules found on the surface of cells in humans. HLA-MB stands for "human leukocyte antigen MHC class II beta chain." These antigens are an essential component of the immune system, facilitating the presentation of antigens to immune cells and playing a crucial role in immune response regulation.
HLA-MB antigens consist of two chains, alpha and beta, encoded by genes within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region of chromosome 6. They are predominantly expressed on antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. These molecules bind to antigens derived from pathogens, cancer cells, or other foreign substances and display them on the cell surface.
The primary function of HLA-MB antigens is to present these antigens to CD4+ T lymphocytes, also known as helper T cells. This interaction between the HLA-MB antigen and T lymphocyte receptors stimulates an immune response by activating the CD4+ T cells. This activation triggers the recruitment and activation of other immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and B cells, leading to the elimination of the pathogen or abnormal cells.
HLA-MB antigens are highly polymorphic, meaning there are multiple variants or alleles within the human population. This polymorphism is essential for recognizing a wide array of antigens from different pathogens, enhancing the diversity and effectiveness of immune responses.
In summary, HLA-MB antigens are human leukocyte antigens that play a vital role in presenting antigens to helper T cells, thereby initiating and coordinating immune responses against foreign substances or abnormal cells.
